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Passifloraceae
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Acanthaceae
Anacardiaceae
Annonaceae
Apiaceae
Apocynaceae
Araliacea
Arecaceae
Asphodelaceae
Asteraceae
Balanitaceae
Bignoniaceae
Bombacaceae
Boraginaceae
Buddlejaceae
Burseraceae
Caesalpiniaceae
Capparaceae
Celastraceae
Celestraceae
Celtidaceae
Chrysobalanaceae
Clusiaceae
Combretaceae
Ebenaceae
Erythroxylaceae
Euphorbiaceae
Fabaceae
Fabaceae (Caesalpinioideae)
Fabaceae subfamily Mimosoideae
Fabaceae subfamily Papilionoideae
Flacourtiaceae
Gentianaceae
Hernandiaceae
Heteropyxidaceae
Icacinaceae
Kiggelariaceae
Kirkiaceae
Lamiaceae
Linaceae
Lythraceae
Malphigiaceae
Malvaceae
Melastomataceae
Meliaceae
Mimosaceae
Moraceae
Myricaceae
Myrothamnaceae
Myrsinaceae
Myrtaceae
Ochnaceae
Olacaceae
Oleaceae
Passifloraceae
Pentapetaceae
Phyllanthaceae
Picrodendraceae
Pittosporaceae
Plumbaginaceae
Portulacaceae
Proteaceae
Ptaeroxylaceae
Putranjivaceae
Rhamnaceae
Rhamnus
Rubiaceae
Rutaceae
Salvadoraceae
Sapindaceae
Sapotaceae
Solanaceae
Stilbaceae
Strychnaceae
Urticaceae
Verbenaceae
Vitaceae
Genus
Acalypha
Acokanthera
Acridocarpus
Adansonia
Adenia
Adenium
Adenopodia
Afrocanthium
Afzelia
Albizia
Alchornea
Alchornia
Allophylus
Aloe
Aloidendron
Ancylobotrys
Androstachys
Anisotes
Annona
Anthocleista
Antidesma
Apodytes
Artabotrys
Atalaya
Azanza
Azima
Balanites
Baphia
Barleria
Bauhinia
Bersama
Bolusanthus
Borassus
Boscia
Brachylaena
Breonadia
Bridelia
Buddleja
Bullockia
Burchellia
Burkea
Cadaba
Caesalpinia
Calodendrum
Calpurnia
Canthium
Capparis
Carissa
Cassia
Catha
Catunaregam
Celtis
Cephalanthus
Chaetachme
Chionanthus
Cissus
Clausena
Cleistanthus
Clerodendrum
Clutia
Coddia
Colophospermum
Combretum
Commiphora
Coptosperma
Corchorus
Cordia
Cordyla
Crossopteryx
Crotalaria
Croton
Cussonia
Dalbergia
Deinbollia
Dichrostachys
Diospyros
Diplorhynchus
Dodonaea
Dombeya
Dovyalis
Drypetes
Ehretia
Ekebergia
Elachyptera
Elaeodendron
Elephantorrhiza
Englerophytum
Entandrophragma
Erythrina
Erythrococca
Erythroxylum
Euclea
Eugenia
Euphorbia
Faidherbia
Faurea
Ficus
Flacourtia
Flemingia
Flueggea
Galpinia
Garcinia
Gardenia
Gossypium
Grewia
Guibourtia
Gymnosporia
Gyrocarpus
Halleria
Harpephyllum
Heinsia
Helinus
Heteromorpha
Heteropyxis
Hexalobus
Hibiscus
Hippobromus
Holarrhena
Homalium
Hugonia
Hymenocardia
Hymenodictyon
Hyperacanthus
Hyphaene
Indigofera
Jasminum
Justicia
Karomia
Kigelia
Kiggelaria
Kirkia
Kraussia
Lagynias
Landolphia
Lannea
Lantana
Leptactina
Lippia
Loeseneriella
Lycium
Maclura
Maerua
Maesa
Manilkara
Margaritaria
Markhamia
Maytenus
Memecylon
Metarungia
Mimusops
Monanthotaxis
Monodora
Morella
Mundulea
Myrothamnus
Mystroxylon
Newtonia
Nuxia
Obetia
Ochna
Olax
Olea
Oncoba
Ormocarpum
Ozoroa
Pachypodium
Pachystigma
Pappea
Parinari
Paropsia
Pavetta
Peltophorum
Philenoptera
Phyllanthus
Phyllogeiton
Piliostigma
Pittosporum
Pleurostylia
Pluchea
Plumbago
Portulacaria
Pouzolzia
Premna
Pristimera
Pseudolachnostylis
Psychotria
Psydrax
Ptaeroxylon
Pteleopsis
Pterocarpus
Pterocelastrus
Pterolobium
Putterlickia
Pyrostria
Rapanea
Rauvolfia
Rawsonia
Reissantia
Rhamnus
Rhigozum
Rhoicissus
Rotheca
Rothmannia
Schotia
Sclerocarya
Senegalia
Spirostachys
Strychnos
Syzygium
Terminalia
Trichilia
Vachellia
Xanthocercis
Ximenia
Ziziphus
Ziziphus
Conventional plants - some growth forms
Multi-stemmed, or shrub-like, as a common growth form
High-branching tree with robust trunk
Wide-spreading canopy with a flattish crown
Trunk tall with no side branches and all foliage terminal
Branches arching, curving or drooping downward
Trunk notably fluted or buttressed in mature trees
Plant height less than about 1 metre at maturity
Specific plant growth forms
Aloe
Stemless Aloe, or with minimal stem
Leaves curved upward (incurved)
Leaves speckled or patterned markings
Thorns on upper or lower leaf surfaces
Inflorescence single raceme or spike
Inflorescence branched raceme or panicle
Clusters of flowers conical
Clusters of flowers cylindrical or oval
Flowers densely packed
Flower colour pink or purple
Single stemmed Aloe
Leaves arching downward (recurved)
Leaves elongated and narrow
Cluster of flowers circular
Flower colour greenish
Multistemmed, or Aloes in colonies
Flowers sparsely arranged
Leaves grow outward, relatively straight
Inflorescence branches extend horizontally, flowers open upwards
Flower colour silverish or whitish
Tree Aloe
Euphorbia genus
Max height over 6 metres
Succulent stem
Branchlets deeply constricted
Branchlet wings: 4 or less
Armed
Branchlets with triangular segments
Branchlet wings: 5 or more
Multi-stemmed, typically
Stems rounded and bark peeling
Cussonia
Palm
Liana, a woody climber supported by other plants
Succulent plants except Aloes and Euphorbias
Bark
Unusual bark colours
Bark silver-white, whitish-grey or light grey
Bark blackish in large areas
Bark greenish or yellowish-green
Bark coppery or yellowish colour
Texture
Bark distinctly corky
Bark with spines, thorn-tipped knobs or knobbly prickles
Bark smooth, no significant cracks or fissures
Bark rough and fissured (usually older plants)
Bark cracking into blocks or roundish woody scales
Bark peeling in strings or strips or small flakes
Bark lifting off in papery flakes (usually older plants)
Latex
Milky latex and growing tips covered by pointed stipules
Latex present (not sap or resin)
Branch and branchlet characteristics
Decussate branch structure
Branchlets with dense golden, silvery, orange or rusty-red hairs
Branchlets squarish in cross-section, not round
Lenticels or scale dots on stems
Zig-zag branch structure
Branches or branchlets striated or fluted
Simple leaves
Placement on the branch
Distichous (held on one plane)
Alternate or clustered
Mainly on spur branchlets
Opposite or sub- opposite
Clustered toward branch ends
Decussate (successive pairs at right angles)
3 or more whorled at each node, or branch end
Stipules and petiole
Petiole enters leaf from below
Stipules or stipular scars present
Petiole grooved or channeled above
Leaf sessile (petiole absent) or sub-sessile
Leaf shapes
Palmate (4+ deep lobes)
Leaf blade extends down petiole (decurrent)
Needle-like leaves
Ovate or lanceolate
Elliptic or oval
Apical tip present, acute or obtuse, sharp or blunt, not elongated
Apical tip present and elongated with concave sides, attenuate, acuminate
Leaf arching strongly backward from base to apex
Length to width ratio over 3 times
Apex rounded, smooth, with no angled tip
Obovate or oblanceolate
Mucronate, apex with a bristle tip
Almost circular
3 to 5 shallow lobes
Base shallowly cordate (subcordate)
Base deeply cordate
Leaf folded upward along midrib, boat-shaped
Emarginate, apex notched
Bilobed (2 lobes)
Fan-shaped
Margin
All or part of the margin not entire (ignore lobe points)
Entire, smooth
Margin distinctly undulate or wavy
Leaf surface
Domatia in vein axils below
Gland-dots (translucent when held up to light)
Leaf above distinctly hairy, and/or along margins
Leaf below distinctly velvety or hairy
Bacterial nodules (tiny dark dots housing bacteria)
Scales cover surface, mainly below
Sandpapery (scabrid)
Single mid-vein
Mid-vein raised above
Side veins tightly spaced and parallel
Primary sideveins loop inwards
Net-veining distinct on undersurface
All venation raised below
Veins significantly sunken above
Mid-vein yellowish, contrasting strongly with leaf blade
Multi-veined from the base
Venation signficantly raised below
Venation significantly sunken above
Colour
Colours above and below not significantly different
Glossy, or shiny green above
Blueish green
Strongly bicoloured, whitish below
Dull greyish-green
Colour distinctly paler below
Compound leaves
Leaf layout on branch
Leaves opposite, or 2+ leaves at each node
Leaves alternate or fascicled (clustered)
Leaves clustered toward branch ends
Leaves mainly on spur branchlets
Trifoliolate
Three petiolules distinctly present
Leaflets densely hairy
Domatia present
Lateral petiolules absent or minimal
Terminal petiolule significant. Can be decurrent
Leaflet margins not entire
Latex present
Digitate (palmately compound)
Four or more leaflets radiating from the end of the petiole
Fan shaped
Fan shaped leaves
Paripinnate
Paripinnate and with winged rachis
Paripinnate and with stipules or stipular scars
Imparipinnate
Imparipinnate and leaves opposite or whorled
Imparipinnate and leaflets significantly asymmetric
Imparipinnate and leaves alternate or clustered
Imparipinnate and leaflet margins entire
Imparipinnate and latex present
Bipinnate
Bipinnate leaves with lobed leaflets
Armed − continue to All Armed plants section
Plant not armed
All Armed plants
3 recurved thorns at each node
Both spines and recurved thorns at the nodes
Spines straight, single (not paired)
Prickles, scattered singly along internodes
Spine-tipped abbreviated lateral shoots
Spines straight, paired, not decussate
Spines forked, or branched
Leaf-bearing spine-like shoots
Recurved thorns, single
Spines straight, paired, decussate
Recurved thorns, paired
Stub-branchlets with pointed ends
Flowers
Colour of petals (or sepals if not green)
White
Yellow or having some yellow
Greenish, greenish-white or -yellow
Red, pink or maroon
Cream
Orange
Purple to mauve
Blue
Grey-green, blue-grey or dull powdery surface
Flower locations on the stem
Growing from axils, single or clustered
Clustered at or near branch-ends
On stub branchlets, clustered or single
Individual flower designs
Tube, funnel, bell or cup shaped
Actinomorphic, radially symmetric, petals about equal sizes
Zygopmorphic, petal shapes and sizes not uniform
Petals present and a central mass of long stamens
Stamens in half-spherical heads
Androgynophore protruding
Inflorescence designs
Capitulum, an individual head consisting of many flowers
Racemes or spikes, sparsely packed
Racemes or spikes, densely packed
Corymb, a flat-topped or convex cluster of alternately stalked flowers
Cyme, a terminal flower on the main axis first, then terminal flowers on lateral stems.
Panicle, a main axis with branched lateral branches bearing flowers
Spherical, compact balls of small flowers
Umbel, flowers on stalks all attached to the same point on the stem.
Flower sexuality
Monoecious (male and female flowers on same plant)
Flower bisexual, both male and female organs on one flower
Dioecious (male and female flowers on different plants)
Fruits
Pod or legume (one dry carpel, splitting along both suture lines)
Intertwined bundle of pods
Pod ovoid, egg-shaped or kidney shaped
Distinctly hairy, either bristly, or soft, downy hair
Hair tufts at ends of each seed
Pod distinctly curved, and fairly narrow
Deep restrictions between seeds
Pod straight, shorter than 4 times width
Pod straight, longer than 4 times width
Follicle (pod or pods from one carpel, splittting on one suture line only)
Follicle
Capsule (dry, dehiscent, 2 or more united carpels, ripening to valves, slits or pores)
Seeds enveloped, in whole or part, in an aril
Mature fruit surface is rough, warty
Three discernable lobes or segments
Mature fruit surface is hairy (more than downy)
Four or more discernable lobes or segments
Two discernable lobes or segments
Capsules in dense clusters
Calyx persistent
Capules bound together in a round cluster
Mericarp (separated carpels together forming one fruit)
Mericarp
Berry (thin skinned, fleshy, with embedded seeds)
Crowned with calyx or remnant scars
Approximates gem squash size
Ovoid (broadest nearest the base)
Surface smooth, or thinly velvety
Round, or nearly so
Diameter or length more than about 10 mm or 1 cm
Tipped with the remains of the style
Diameter or length less than about 10 mm or 1 cm
Calyx persistent at base of berry
Oval or ellipsoid
Drupe (thin-skinned, fleshy, with one inner stone)
Oval or elongated
Smoothish surface
Crowned with calyx or remnant scars
Diameter or length less than 20mm
Round, or nearly so
Stone held by a red, yellow or white aril
Calyx persistent at base
Samara (dry, indehiscent and winged)
Samara with one wing
Samara with 2 or 3 wings
Samara with 4 to 6 wings
Nut (dry and without wings)
Nut
Nut crowned with a tuft of bristles (a pappus)
Bean-like
Long, flattish, bean-like fruit
Long and tube-shaped
Long, round fruit, worm-like, with embedded seeds
Figs
Figs with stalks less that 10 mm, singly or in pairs in leaf axils or below leaves.
Ostiole not raised
Sessile (stalkless) figs singly or in pairs in leaf axils or below leaves
Fig with a distinct basal plate
Ostiole prominently raised
Wart-like bumps, or spots, on surface
Figs with stalks more than 10 mm, singly or in pairs in leaf axils or below leaves.
Ostiole slightly raised
On spur branchlets growing from trunks or main branches
Figs on leafless trusses growing from trunks or main branches
Location in Kruger
Alluvial floodplains, riverbanks, riparian
Bateleur
Berg-en-Dal
Crocodile Bridge
Crocodile Gorge (outside south-west KNP)
Lebombos from Olifants to Shingwedzi
Lebombos from Sabie poort to Olifants
Letaba
Lower Sabie, Sabiepoort, Salitje
Makuleke
Malalane
Mopane and Boulders
Numbi to Phabeni
N'wanetsi
Nyandu and Nwambiya sandveld
Olifants
Orpen
Pafuri
Phalaborwa
Pretoriuskop
Pumbe sandveld
Punda Maria
Roodewal
Satara
Shingwedzi
Sirheni
Skukuza
Tshokwane
Paropsia
braunii
Tree False-passionfruit; Tree Paropsia
Adenia
digitata
Wild granadilla
Adenia
gummifera
var.
gummifera
Snake Climber
Adenia
spinosa
Spiny Greenstem
